Reframing Pemikiran Manajemen, Ketidakpastian Knightian, dan Tata Kelola Digital yang Berpusat pada Manusia di Indonesia

Abstract

This article reframes the evolution of management thought in the context of artificial intelligence and digital governance in Indonesia. Using a qualitative integrative literature review, the study connects classical management, human relations, and contingency theory with contemporary debates on algorithmic management, people analytics, Knightian uncertainty, AI ethics, and technostress. The main argument is that digital transformation does not replace earlier management logics; instead, it intensifies and reconfigures them through software, dashboards, data tracking, and automated decision systems. The article also shows that abundant data does not eliminate radical uncertainty in strategic AI decisions, especially when regulatory, ethical, reputational, and social consequences remain fluid. In addition, people analytics may improve organizational insight, but it also risks deepening surveillance and reducing worker dignity if not governed properly. Based on these findings, the article proposes a Human-Centered Hybrid Governance framework that combines efficiency, adaptability, accountability, explainability, proportional surveillance, employee voice, and capability development. For Indonesia, this framework suggests that AI adoption should be accompanied by stronger infrastructure, digital literacy, data protection, local contextualization, and humane organizational design. The study contributes a coherent conceptual bridge between the history of management thought and the governance challenges of the digital era.